Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), commonly known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by pervasive difficulties in maintaining attention, often accompanied by impulsive and hyperactive behavior. These challenges extend beyond mere inattention and can significantly impact various aspects of an individual’s life, including academic and occupational performance, as well as social interactions. Unfortunately, ADD/ADHD remains one of the most misunderstood and improperly treated conditions, contributing to a national health crisis.

Core Symptoms of ADD/ADHD:

• Short Attention Span: Difficulty sustaining attention in everyday tasks, such as chores and homework.
• Distractibility: Prone to being easily diverted from the task at hand.
• Procrastination: Delays in initiating tasks or completing assignments.
• Disorganization: Struggles with maintaining order and structure.
• Problems with Follow-through: Difficulty completing tasks and projects.
• Poor Impulse Control: Tendency to act without careful consideration, such as speaking before thinking.

There are 3 types of classification for the ADHD according to the DSM V:

1. Predominantly Inattentive Type Diagnosis Criteria :
   • Displays poor listening skills
   •  Loses and/or misplaces items needed to complete activities or tasks
   •  Sidetracked by external or unimportant stimuli
   • Forgets daily activities
   • Diminished attention span
   •  Lacks ability to complete schoolwork and other assignments or to follow instructions
   • Avoids or is disinclined to begin homework or activities requiring concentration
   • Fails to focus on details and/or makes thoughtless mistakes in schoolwork or assignments
2. Predominantly Hyperactive/ Impulsive Type Diagnosis Criteria
   • Hyperactive Symptoms:
     • Squirms when seated or fidgets with feet/hands
     • Marked restlessness that is difficult to control
     • Appears to be driven by “a motor” or is often “on the go”
     •  Lacks ability to play and engage in leisure activities in a quiet manner
     • Incapable of staying seated in class
     •  Overly talkative
   • Impulsive Symptoms: 
     • Difficulty waiting turn
     • Interrupts or intrudes into conversations and activities of others 
     •  Impulsively blurts out answers before questions completed
3. Mixed/ Combined Type Diagnosis Criteria must meets at least 6 of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive criteria for the past 6 months

Treatment options involve a comprehensive approach, including neurofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication management, educational support, parent training, group therapy, biofeedback with mindfulness, and lifestyle modifications like regular exercise, a nutrient-rich diet, and limited screen time.

Neurofeedback aims to regulate brain function, enhance self-regulation, and improve executive functions. CBT helps modify negative thought patterns and behaviors. Medication, if necessary, includes stimulant and non-stimulant options. Educational support involves Individualized Education Plans (IEP). Parent training equips parents with strategies, while group therapy focuses on social skills. Biofeedback with mindfulness helps manage stress.

Lifestyle modifications include regular exercise, a nutrient-rich diet, and limited screen time based on individual recommendations. Understanding and addressing the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is crucial for effective management. Early identification and personalized treatment significantly impact the course of ADD/ADHD.